Type-writing machine



(No Model.)

J. D. DAUGHERTY.

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TYPE WRITING MACHINE. No. 457,258. Patented Aug. 4, 1891.

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J. D. DAUGHERTY. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

No. 457,258. Patented Aug. 4, 1891.

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TYPE WRITING MACHINE. No. 457,258. Patented Aug. 4, 1891.

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J. DJDAUGHBRTY. TYPE WRITING MAGHINE. No. 457,258. Patented Aug. 4,1891.

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TYPE WRITING MACHINE. No. 457,258. PatentedAug. 4, 1891.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES DENNY DAUGHERTY, OF KITTANNING, PENNSYLVANIA.

TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. 457,258, dated .August4, 1891. Application iled June 9, 1891. Serial No. 395,684. (No model.)

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that l, J AMES DENNY DAUGH- ERTY, of Kittanning, in thecounty of Armstrong and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain newand useful Improvements in Type-Writing Machines; and I do herebydeclare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of theinvention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which itpertains to make and use it, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, which form part of this specification.

Hy invention relates to an improvement in type-writing machines; and itconsists in the arrangement and combination of parts which will be fullydescribed hereinafter.

The objects of'my invention are to connect the key-levers and thetype-bars directly at their inner ends without the intervention of anyother parts, so as to simplify and cheapen the construction and lessenthe friction in the operation of the machine; to separate the type-barsand the key-levers by means of division bars or plates, which preventthe parts from interfering with each other; to provide each type-barwitll a type or types having capital and small letters or othercharacters upon them, and to change from one letter or character to theother by raising the inner end of the frame which carries the type-barsand the key-levers, while the roller or platen carrying the paperremains stationary; to pivot at its rear end the guiding-frame for thetype-bars, and which also holds or carriesl the ribbon, and to give tothis guiding-frame a vertical movement at its free front end, so thatwhile it serves as a guide for the type-bars it also raises the ribbon,so that each type-bar prints its character in alignment, and then, asthe type-bar drops back in its normal position, the guidingframecarrying the ribbon also drops, so as to leave each letter or character,as well as the'whole line of writing, unobstructedly exposed to theoperator Without the movement of any other part; to operate the carriageby means of two pivoted spring-ac tuated dogs, which allow the carriageto move forward one space each time that one of the type-bars isoperated, and which permit the carriage to slide freely back to itsstarting-point.

Figure 1 is a plan view of a type-Writer which embodies my invention.Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the same. end View of the type-writer towhich my invention is applied. Fig. 4 is a rear end View of the same. 13are detail views of different parts of the same.

A represents the base-plate, which will be of any desired shape, size,or construction Fig. 3 is a front' Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, 910, ll, l2, and

that may be preferred, and from which at l any suitable point rise thetwo posts or projections B, to the upper ends of which are pivoted thefront ends of the frame C, in which are pivoted upon a rod D thekey-levers E. Extending across the rear or inner 1 p and also serve toseparate and hold the keylevers in position upon the pivotal rod D.These division-plates I are preferably given the shape shown and have adownwardly-extending projection l at their front ends, which are made toincrease from the upper front corner of the bar or plate in thicknessdown to the top edge of the key-levers, and

from this they are all of a uniform thickness. This increased thicknessat the lower ends of the extensions I is made for the purpose ofseparating the key-levers and holding them rigidly in position upontheir pivotal rod D.,

The upper edges of these division bars or plates I are of one uniformsize or thickness, there being sufficient space between them to allowthe type-bars to freely operate, and vat the same time so confine themto prevent y. their interference in operation with each other. Thebeveled or inclined side of the extensions I serve to prevent thetype-bars from having any lateral play or movement when they are attheir lowest point, while the upper edges of the plates allow thetypebars abundance of room for any amount of IOO movement that may benecessary. These division-plates I may either be formed of solid metalor of sheet metal, as lhere shown, and which pieces of sheet metal arebent double and have these doubled portions separated at their lowerends, between which washers I are placed upon the rod D, Fig. 13.

The inner end of each of the key-levers E, which are pivoted upon therod D, is provided with curved arms or projections K, which form anopening or socket L, having curved sides, and each one of the type-barsis provided with a curved arm, lever, or projection M, which catches inthe socket L of its corresponding lever E, thus forming aninterlocking-joint for connecting these parts, and that without theintervention of any other piece or part of any, kind whatever. Vhen thefront end of the key-levers is depressed at its rear end as it movesupward, it exerts a pressure upon the arm or projection M of itscorresponding type-bar, and thus causes the typebar to turn upon itspivot through nearly a quarter of a circle and imprint one of itscharaoters upon the paper. As soon as the keylever is released, a springwhich is connected to the feed-lever presses the front end of the saidfeed-lever against the under side of all of the key-levers and thespacing-bars, and thus causes the type-bars through their correspondingkey-levers to instantly return to their normal position. As will beseen, the type-bars are pivoted upon the curved rod, and when in theirnormal position they form a segment of a circle. The center bar is madeperfectly straight, while those bars upon its sides are'slightly curvedor bent at their outer ends, the curve increasing in degree the farther.the bars recede from the center and at such anl angle to bring thetypes upon the bars in a vertical position when at the printing-point.

Pivoted between its ends upon the standards z', which project from theframe A, is the shifting or upper-case frame Xf, which has its innerends pivotally connected to the inner end of the frame C, and this frameX extends around in front of the keys, as shown in Fig. 1. A downwardpressure upon the outer end of the frame X raises its inner ends andwith it the inner end of thevframe C, in which are the type-bars pivotedupon the rod F.

Rising from the base-plate A, opposite the inner corners of thelifting-frame X', are the posts N, which have the two inward extensionsat their upper ends, and through these extensions are passed theset-screws O, against which the opposite edges of the lifting-framestrike for the purpose of regulating with the utmost nicety the distancethat the liftingframe shall be raised in changing from one type orcharacter to another, and thus every character and letter are broughtinto perfect alignment. When the lifting-frame is down in its normalposition, as shown in Fig. 2,- only the small letters are .brought intooperation; but when the inner end of this liftingframe, carrying thetype-bars and all of their attachments, is raised by depressing thefront end of the lifting-frame, then the typebars which print only thecapital letters are the characters which are then 'brought' intoalignment. It will be noticed that the typebars are given a verticalmovement,while the roller or platen carrying the paper to be printedupon remains stationary, thus reversing the usual method employed intype-bar machines now in the market of changing from one form of letterto another. I

Pivoted upon Vthe curved rod D is a spacing bar or lever P, whichextends across in front of the keys and at each side, as shown, so as tobe in position to be struck by any finger and from any point, and thusenable it to be operated more rapidly and easily than can be done wherethe rod or bar extends along in rear of the keys in the usual manner orwhere the spacing mechanism is operated from a small key. In order tohold the spacing-lever up in position and return it instantly toposition after being operated, there is attached to each of the innerends of this lever beyond the pivotal bar D a light springwire Q, andthis wire has enough elasticity to holdup the spacing-lever when thefeed-1ever has been depressed by one of the keylevers.

Pivoted between the two standards R, which rise from the rear cornersofthe base-plate A, is an L-shaped feed-lever S, -whichhasits front endto extend across the top of the base-plate underneath the keys andspacing-levers, as shown in Fig. 2, so that each time one of theselevers is operated the feed-lever S is operated thereby. To the upperend of this feed-lever S is fastened one end of the spring T, by meansof which the lever is returned to its normal position as soon as it isleft free to move after it has been operated by one of the keys orspacing-levers. The rear end of this spring T is secured to the nut U,placed upon the screw V, which passes through the projection upon thetop of one of the curved slidingbars upon which the carriage moves. Bymeans of the screw and the nut the tension of the spring T can beregulated at will, and thus give to the key and the spacing-lever aharder or softer touch, as maybe desired. Mounted upon the upper end ofthis feed-lever S is the adjustable head WV, upon which the twospring-actuated bars of the dog X are pivoted, and this head W is madeadjustable upon the upper end of the lever, so that the dog can beadjusted into position to operate directly with the rack-bars. This headW is secured to the leverS by means of screws, the upper one of whichpasses through a slot in the head, and this slot permits the necessaryadjustment for the dog. The dog X is made in two parts, which arejointed at the center of the head, so as to allow each part an inde- IIOpendent movement of its own, and both parts to.' This spring serves tohold the two parts of the dog X pressed backward against each otherwhere they overlap, and thus form practically a rigid or single dog; butthe spring allows the two parts of the dog to freely give as the`carriage is returned to its startingpoint, and when the bevel side ofthe dog which is engaged with the rack slips freely over the teeth ofthe rack so engaged.

Rising from the top of the head are the two projections Z, through whichpass the horizontal set-screws A', which have their inner ends to bearagainst pieces of rawhide, rubber, or other suitablesubstance,which isplaced in the holes through which the screws pass, and which substanceserves to prevent the dog from making any unnecessary amount of noise.The set-screws serve to adj ustthe rawhide forward, and thus regulatethe angle or position that the two parts of the dog shall occupy inorder to properly engage with their corresponding racks. As thefeed-lever is caused to vibrate by the movement of the keys andspacing-lever, the ends of the dog are made to play in and out upon theteeth of the opposite racks, and thus allow the carriage to move forwardone space for each movement of one of the levers. Vhile one end 0f thedog is forced backward by the pressure of the carriage the other end isforced one-half space forward, so as to be ready to engage with itscorresponding rack when the feed-lever is moved in that direction, andthis end, which was forced forward so'as to be ready to engage with itsrack, is in turn forced backward afterit engages with the rack, and thusthe dog is made to partially turn upon its pivot, and at each partialturn the other end is brought into an operative position.A As the innerend of the two parts of the dog overlap, the two parts are held rigidlytogether, so as to always be in a line with each other while thecarriage is being fed forward; but either of these parts of the dog givefreely before the carriage when the carriage is being moved back to itsstarting-point.

By means of the construction here shown and described it will be readilyseen that the dog consists of only two parts, which are jointedtogether, aspring for pressing the two parts in a line with each otherand the two adj usting-screws, and that a very cheap feed` mechanism isproduced. The great advantage of this construction consists in havingthe carriage to move one half-space as the type-bar rises and then movethe other halfspace as the type-bar descends, and thus canse thecarriage to move while the typebar is'in motion, instead of having thecarriage move only after the type-bar has returned to its normalposition. As a consequencea much more rapid feed is given to thecarriage and it is impossible to strike any two of -the keys so rapidlythat the carriage does not. move its full spacev at each stroke.

roller is the small roller L',

Rising from the inner ends of the baseplate A are the two T- shapedstandards or supports R, upon which are mounted the two groovedguiding-bars C', upon which the carriageD' moves, and which supportsalso have the ribbon-spools placed upon them. rlhe carriage D consistsof the plate E', which has its ends turned vertically upward, so as toform bearings or supports for the different parts, and which has itscentral portion cut away and the two racks F' formed as a part of theplate. Projecting from the opposite outer edges of this plate are theextensions or tongues G', which catch in grooved guiding-bars C', andthus guide the carriage back and forth in its movements.

Jonrnaled between the upturned ends of the plate is a roller H', whichis provided with a lever l2 and a spring-actuated dog J for revolvingthe roller and moving the paper. The lever may either be given the shapehere shown or any other that may be preferred, and the distance thatvthe roller is made to turn at each movement of .the lever can beregulated by means of a stop-pin K', which can be placed in either oneof two holes prepared for it. y If placed in the upper hole, the leverwill move a long distance'and tu-rn the roller a greater distance thanit will if the pin is placed in the lower hole. Placed in front of thelower front ends of the large which serves to cause the paper to movewhen the large roller is moved by the lever. The whole frame of thecarriage being formed from a sin gle plate,

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it can be stamped up and have the racks i formed as a part thereof, andthe cost of the construction of t-he machine is greatly simplified andcheapened. l

Pivoted by means of the rod N', which is journaled back of the reargrooved guidingbar C', is the guiding-frame O, which both holds theribbon in position and guides the type-levers in position, so as tostrike the paper in regular spacing. As will be seen, the t front end ofthis frame is divided and the upper part is formed into two horizontalprongs, which are separated from each other at any suitable angle,leaving just'suflicient space between their inner ends to allow thetypes to strike the paper, and that without any lateral play ormovement. These two prongs are given the V shape shown, so as to guidethe type-bars at the sides into position with the same precision andaccuracy as it doesthose located at or near the center of the machine.This guiding-frame O has openings through its front end forthe passageof the ribbon Q', and 1s given a vertical movement at its front end forthe purpose of raising the ribbon as each type-bar rises, and thus bringit in position to be struck by the type, and then as the type returns toits normal position the ribbon is depressed, so as to leave a free andunobstructed view ofthe entire line which is being printed. As abovestated, this guiding` frame is pivoted at its rear end, and its frontend has a rising and falling movement for the purpose of operating theribbon directly in front of the eye of the operator, where he can seeevery letter that is made and the connection of each word with what haspreceded or followed it. In order to give the operator as unobstructed aview as possible, there are no parts placed between the eye of theoperator and the paper, with the exception of the front end of thisframe, which always drops below the line of writing as soon as theletter is struck. For the purpose of giving this frame a vertical playat its front end there is pivoted upon the under side of the base-platea lever R', which extends at its front end underneath the feed-bar orfront end of the feed-lever S, where it extends across under the keysand spacingflevers, and which lever R' is connected at its rear end tothe vertical lever S', which is forked at its upper end and connecteddirectly to the guidingframe O'. Each time that one of the keys orspacing-levers is depressed the front end of the feed-lever and thefront end of the lever R' is also depressed, and as the rear end of thelever R' is raised the guiding-frame O is y raised before the type-barcan rise to strike the paper. The carriage is drawn forward by the cordor strap that is wound around the wheel S', which has a flat springwound around its axle or journal, and which journal is pro vided withthe ratchet or dog, whereby the tension or spring can be increased ordecreased at will. The carriage is returned to the starting-point bymeans of its operating-lever.

The two ribbon-spools T' are mounted upon the extended upper end of theT-frame S', and each spool is provided with a ratchet U and a handle V'on the lower end of its shaft or journal. By means of these handles theribbon can be rapidly wound from one spool to the other as desired. Thereversing movement of the ribbon is caused by a sliding bar W', which isprovided with suitable guidingslots and secured to the front edge of thefront grooved guiding-bar C' by means of set-screws. This sliding barWV' has suitable guiding arms or prongs X' projecting from its loweredge, and these prongs catch upon opposite sides or edges of the dogsY', which are pivoted upon the standards Z', which rise from and movewith the feed-lever, which is pivoted between tlie two standards uponwhich the carriage is placed. Also secured to this sliding -barW' arethe two springs a, which are curved in opposite directions and whichalternately engage with the ratchets of the ribbon-spools. Thesesprings, secured to the bar and the dog Y', moved by the arms projectingfrom the lower edge of the bar, are moved so that while one dog and onespring are engaging with the ratchet the other dog and other spring aremoved away from their ratchet, so as not to engage therewith. At eachendwise movement of the bar one dog and one spring are brought intooperation with their corresponding ratchet-wheel and the other springand dog are thrown outof operation. By moving the bar W' endwise theribbon is caused to reel upon either spool that may be desired, and thus its movement is reversed in the usual manner.

The two dogs Y' are pivoted upon standards Z', so as to have a partialturning movement of their own. At the same time they are given areciprocating movement each time the feed-bar is moved for the purposeof turning the spool upon which the ribbon is being `reeled. In order tohold these two dogs in Vtheir proper position, their rear ends areconnected by a suitable spring b, which allows them a sufficient play attheir front ends to engage and disengage from the ratchets in such amanner as to cause the spools to revolve a suitable distance at eachmovement of the feed-lever. As soon as the dog begins its backwardmovement, the corresponding spring engages with the ratchet and preventsany backward movement of the spool. It will be seen that the endwisemovement of these springs is produced entirely by the rocking movementof the feed-lever, so as to move the ribbon the moment it has beenstruck bya type, and thus no two type ever strike successively in thesame place upon the ribbon. This construction greatly simplifies andcheapens the cost of the machine, and a mechanism is produced foroperating the ribbon which is not liable to ever get out of repair whilein operation. The sliding bar W' has one of its ends formed into acurved elastic handle c and the outer end of the handle moves back andforth over the projection d, which serves to retain the bar in whateverposition it may be adj usted. The only object and use of thisendwise-moving bar W' is to reverse the movement of the ribbons, and itis so constructed and arranged that the operator has only to apply onefinger Ato the handle formed upon one end,and thus move it in eitherdirection desired. This `construction enables the movement of the ribbonto be reversed by a sin gie movement of the bar WV by one of thefingers.

In order to prevent the free ends of the keylevers and the spacing-barsfrom having any lateral play or movement, a` curved vertical toothedplate is placed below the lower edge of these levers, and the upper endsof the teeth extend up between the levers, so as to allow them only avertical play. By means of this construction the key-levers areprevented from being bent or from getting out of position at any time.

As shown in Fig. 9, the type-blocks are secured to the ends of theirrespective type-bars, having a hole or opening made throughV each one ofthe blocks to receive the end of the bar, and then the block is fastenedinto any desired position by means of a set screw. This constructionenables the type-block .to be adjusted with the utmost accuracy withvery little trouble.

I do not make any claim in this applica- IOC Iog

'tion to the pivoted -shitting-frame carrying the type-bars,whereby/either the upper or lower case of type are brought to theprinting-point, as this is made the subject-matterl of my pendingapplication -filed May 2, 1590, Serial No. 350,286. v Having thusdescribed my invention, I claiml. In a type-writer, the combination,with the carriage having two horizontal rack-bars, of type-bars,key-levers, a pivoted feed-lever having one end to oscillate between therackbars, and a dog vertically pivoted to horizontally vibrate andalternately engage the two racks as the feed-lever moves back and forthbetween the racks, substantially7 as described.

2. In a type-writer, the combinatiomwith the carriage having twohorizontal rack-bars, of type-bars, key-levers, a pivoted feed-leverhaving one end to oscillate between the rack-V bars, and a dog composedof two independently verticallypivoted parts, which horizontally vibrateand alternately engage the two rack-bars as the feed-lever moves backand forth, substantially as described.

3. In a type-writer, the combination, with a carriage having a rack-barwhich is provided with teeth of such size that two equal' one space, oftype-bars, key-levers, a pivoted feed-lever, anda dog upon thefeed-lever, composed of two parts, each part having a longitudinalmovement in the same direction in relation to the carriage, whereby thecarriage moves a half space when the feed-lever is depressed and a halfspace when it is released, for the purpose substantially as described.

4. A dog composed of two parts, which are placed upon the same pivot andwhich eX- tend in opposite directions and which are made to overlap attheir inner ends, in combination with a spring for holding the two partsin a line with each oth r, substantially as described.

5. The combination, in a type-writer, ot` a normally horizontal pivotedtype-bar having a downwardly-extending projection adjacent to itspivoted point, and a horizontal key-lever below the type-bar having anupwardlyextending projection which engages the projection of thetype-bar, whereby the type-bar and lever normally rest in a line oneabove the other, substantially as described.

6. In a type-writer, the combination of a separate and disconnectednormally horizontal type-bar and key-lever, one having a projection andthe other two shoulders in the path traveled by the proj ection,oneshoulder for moving the type-bar in one direction and the other forreturning it to position, substantially as shown and described.

7. The combination, in a type-writer, of a normally horizontal pivotedtype-bar having a downwardly-extending projection near its pivotal pointand ahorizont-al key-leverbelow the type-bar, having anupwardly-extending 9. In a'type-Writer, the combination, with theprinting mechanism and ribbon-spools, of an L-shaped pi votedfeed-lever, and pawls pivoted between their ends upon the upper end ofthe said lever, and springs secured to their inner ends for holding themin contact with the said ribbon-spools, substantially as shown.

lO. In a type-writer, the combination of the feed-lever, a lever R',having its outer end engaged by the feed-lever, a frame through whichthe ribbon passes, pivoted at its rear end, and a lever S', connected,respectively, to the inner ends of the ribbon-guiding frame and thelever R. whereby a downward movement of the feed-lever raises the saidribbonguide frame, combined to operate in the manner substantially asdescribed.

Il. The combination, with a type-Wri ter carriage having two parallelracks, of adog composed of two independently-moving parts which extendin opposite directions, and a spring for holding the two parts normallyin a line with each other, combined to operate in the mannersubstantially as described.

l2. In a type-writer, the combination, with the carriage having twoparallel racks, of a dog composed of two independently-moving partswhich extend in opposite direct-ions, and a set-screw which engages eachpart for limiting its movement, substantially as shown.

13. In a type-writer, the combination, with the feeding-lever, levershorizontally pivoted upon the upper end of the feed-lever and eX-tending forward for operating the ratchets upon the ribbon-spools, andthe endwise-sliding bar W', having notched hangers, which engagethehorizontally-pivoted levers, Substantially as shown and described.

14. The combination, with a type-writer, of a pivoted frame having itsfree end provided with a slot or opening forthe passage of the type,outwardly-extending divergin g guidingarms, and loops upon oppositesides of the said opening, through which loops the ribbon passes, and aconnection between the operating mechanism and the said frame fortilting it, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JAMES DENNY DAUGHERTY.

Witn esses:

J. H. PAINTER, WM. BUFFINGTON.

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